\(\newcommand{\footnotename}{footnote}\) \(\def \LWRfootnote {1}\) \(\newcommand {\footnote }[2][\LWRfootnote ]{{}^{\mathrm {#1}}}\) \(\newcommand {\footnotemark }[1][\LWRfootnote ]{{}^{\mathrm {#1}}}\) \(\newcommand \ensuremath [1]{#1}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRframebox }[2][]{\fbox {#2}} \newcommand {\framebox }[1][]{\LWRframebox } \) \(\newcommand {\setlength }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\addtolength }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\setcounter }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\addtocounter }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\cline }[1]{}\) \(\newcommand {\directlua }[1]{\text {(directlua)}}\) \(\newcommand {\luatexdirectlua }[1]{\text {(directlua)}}\) \( \newcommand {\multicolumn }[3]{#3}\) \(\newcommand {\intertext }[1]{\text {#1}\notag \\}\) \(\newcommand {\mathllap }[2][]{{#1#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\mathrlap }[2][]{{#1#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\mathclap }[2][]{{#1#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\mathmbox }[1]{#1}\) \(\newcommand {\clap }[1]{#1}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRmathmakebox }[2][]{#2}\) \(\newcommand {\mathmakebox }[1][]{\LWRmathmakebox }\) \(\newcommand {\cramped }[2][]{{#1#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\crampedllap }[2][]{{#1#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\crampedrlap }[2][]{{#1#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\crampedclap }[2][]{{#1#2}}\) \(\newenvironment {crampedsubarray}[1]{}{}\) \(\newcommand {\crampedsubstack }{}\) \(\newcommand {\smashoperator }[2][]{#2}\) \(\newcommand {\SwapAboveDisplaySkip }{}\) \(\require {extpfeil}\) \(\Newextarrow \xleftrightarrow {10,10}{0x2194}\) \(\Newextarrow \xLeftarrow {10,10}{0x21d0}\) \(\Newextarrow \xhookleftarrow {10,10}{0x21a9}\) \(\Newextarrow \xmapsto {10,10}{0x21a6}\) \(\Newextarrow \xRightarrow {10,10}{0x21d2}\) \(\Newextarrow \xLeftrightarrow {10,10}{0x21d4}\) \(\Newextarrow \xhookrightarrow {10,10}{0x21aa}\) \(\Newextarrow \xrightharpoondown {10,10}{0x21c1}\) \(\Newextarrow \xleftharpoondown {10,10}{0x21bd}\) \(\Newextarrow \xrightleftharpoons {10,10}{0x21cc}\) \(\Newextarrow \xrightharpoonup {10,10}{0x21c0}\) \(\Newextarrow \xleftharpoonup {10,10}{0x21bc}\) \(\Newextarrow \xleftrightharpoons {10,10}{0x21cb}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRdounderbracket }[1]{\underline {#1}}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRunderbracket }[2][]{\LWRdounderbracket {#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\underbracket }[1][]{\LWRunderbracket }\) \(\newcommand {\LWRdooverbracket }[1]{\overline {#1}}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRoverbracket }[2][]{\LWRdooverbracket {#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\overbracket }[1][]{\LWRoverbracket }\) \(\newcommand {\LaTeXunderbrace }[1]{\underbrace {#1}}\) \(\newcommand {\LaTeXoverbrace }[1]{\overbrace {#1}}\) \(\newenvironment {matrix*}[1][]{\begin {matrix}}{\end {matrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {pmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {pmatrix}}{\end {pmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {bmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {bmatrix}}{\end {bmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {Bmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {Bmatrix}}{\end {Bmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {vmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {vmatrix}}{\end {vmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {Vmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {Vmatrix}}{\end {Vmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {smallmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {matrix}}{\end {matrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {psmallmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {pmatrix}}{\end {pmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {bsmallmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {bmatrix}}{\end {bmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {Bsmallmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {Bmatrix}}{\end {Bmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {vsmallmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {vmatrix}}{\end {vmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {Vsmallmatrix*}[1][]{\begin {Vmatrix}}{\end {Vmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {psmallmatrix}[1][]{\begin {pmatrix}}{\end {pmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {bsmallmatrix}[1][]{\begin {bmatrix}}{\end {bmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {Bsmallmatrix}[1][]{\begin {Bmatrix}}{\end {Bmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {vsmallmatrix}[1][]{\begin {vmatrix}}{\end {vmatrix}}\) \(\newenvironment {Vsmallmatrix}[1][]{\begin {Vmatrix}}{\end {Vmatrix}}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRmultlined }[1][]{\begin {multline*}}\) \(\newenvironment {multlined}[1][]{\LWRmultlined }{\end {multline*}}\) \(\let \LWRorigshoveleft \shoveleft \) \(\renewcommand {\shoveleft }[1][]{\LWRorigshoveleft }\) \(\let \LWRorigshoveright \shoveright \) \(\renewcommand {\shoveright }[1][]{\LWRorigshoveright }\) \(\newenvironment {dcases}{\begin {cases}}{\end {cases}}\) \(\newenvironment {dcases*}{\begin {cases}}{\end {cases}}\) \(\newenvironment {rcases}{\begin {cases}}{\end {cases}}\) \(\newenvironment {rcases*}{\begin {cases}}{\end {cases}}\) \(\newenvironment {drcases}{\begin {cases}}{\end {cases}}\) \(\newenvironment {drcases*}{\begin {cases}}{\end {cases}}\) \(\newenvironment {cases*}{\begin {cases}}{\end {cases}}\) \(\newcommand {\MoveEqLeft }[1][]{}\) \(\def \LWRAboxed #1&#2&#3!|!{\fbox {\(#1\)}&\fbox {\(#2\)}} \newcommand {\Aboxed }[1]{\LWRAboxed #1&&!|!} \) \( \newcommand {\ArrowBetweenLines }[1][\Updownarrow ]{#1}\) \(\newcommand {\shortintertext }[1]{\\ \text {#1}\notag \\}\) \(\newcommand {\vdotswithin }[1]{\hspace {.5em}\vdots }\) \(\newcommand {\shortvdotswithin }[1]{ & \hspace {.5em}\vdots \\}\) \(\newcommand {\MTFlushSpaceAbove }{}\) \(\newcommand {\MTFlushSpaceBelow }{\\}\) \(\newcommand \lparen {(}\) \(\newcommand \rparen {)}\) \(\newcommand {\vcentcolon }{:}\) \(\newcommand {\ordinarycolon }{:}\) \(\newcommand \dblcolon {\vcentcolon \vcentcolon }\) \(\newcommand \coloneqq {\vcentcolon =}\) \(\newcommand \Coloneqq {\dblcolon =}\) \(\newcommand \coloneq {\vcentcolon {-}}\) \(\newcommand \Coloneq {\dblcolon {-}}\) \(\newcommand \eqqcolon {=\vcentcolon }\) \(\newcommand \Eqqcolon {=\dblcolon }\) \(\newcommand \eqcolon {\mathrel {-}\vcentcolon }\) \(\newcommand \Eqcolon {\mathrel {-}\dblcolon }\) \(\newcommand \colonapprox {\vcentcolon \approx }\) \(\newcommand \Colonapprox {\dblcolon \approx }\) \(\newcommand \colonsim {\vcentcolon \sim }\) \(\newcommand \Colonsim {\dblcolon \sim }\) \(\newcommand {\nuparrow }{\cancel {\uparrow }}\) \(\newcommand {\ndownarrow }{\cancel {\downarrow }}\) \(\newcommand {\bigtimes }{{\Large \times }}\) \(\newcommand {\prescript }[3]{{}^{#1}_{#2}#3}\) \(\newenvironment {lgathered}{\begin {gathered}}{\end {gathered}}\) \(\newenvironment {rgathered}{\begin {gathered}}{\end {gathered}}\) \(\newcommand {\splitfrac }[2]{{}^{#1}_{#2}}\) \(\let \splitdfrac \splitfrac \) \(\newcommand {\bm }[1]{\boldsymbol {#1}}\) \(\newcommand {\firsthdashline }[1][]{\hdashline }\) \(\let \lasthdashline \firsthdashline \) \(\let \cdashline \cline \)